Magic State Factory Catalog

[\![252,\,46,\,3]\!] factory

\mathrm{T}_{0}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{1}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{2}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{3}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{4}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{5}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{6}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{7}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{8}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{9}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{10}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{11}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{12}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{13}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{14}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{15}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{16}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{17}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{18}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{19}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{20}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{21}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{22}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{23}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{}\cdots

distance, proved here
d=3
error coefficient
A_{3}=5{,}208
\gamma_\rho
1.5481
V_{\mathrm{ex}}
46
wires
N=59
Clifford correction
S, CZ
found by
AI search pure T

The circuit

The 59\times252 matrix. Rows are wires and columns are rotations. A 1 means the wire takes part in the rotation, and the number beside each wire is its row weight. Scroll sideways to see every column.

  • output wires
  • check wires, measured and postselected
wire
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250
out 0 (69)111111························································································································1··11··1·11·11111···11··11··11··111··1·1111··11·1111····11··1111··11···1111·11··11·11··11··1·11·11111····11··11···············
out 1 (7)······1111111···············································································································································································································································
out 2 (7)·············1111111········································································································································································································································
out 3 (7)····················1111111·································································································································································································································
out 4 (7)···························1111111··························································································································································································································
out 5 (7)··································1111111···················································································································································································································
out 6 (7)·········································1111111············································································································································································································
out 7 (7)················································1111111·····································································································································································································
out 8 (7)·······················································1111111······························································································································································································
out 9 (7)······························································1111111·······················································································································································································
out 10 (7)·····································································1111111················································································································································································
out 11 (7)············································································1111111·········································································································································································
out 12 (7)···················································································1111111··································································································································································
out 13 (7)··························································································1111111···························································································································································
out 14 (7)·································································································1111111····················································································································································
out 15 (7)········································································································1111111·············································································································································
out 16 (129)111···1111···1111···1111···1111···1111···1111···1111···1111···1111···1111···1111··········1111···1111··········11111111111····1··11··1·11·11111···11··11··11··111··1·1111··11·1111····11··1111··11···1111·11··11·11··11··1·11·11111····11··11···············
out 17 (21)·······················································1111··········11··11········1111··········11··11········1111·······1·································································································································
out 18 (23)······11··11········1111··········11··11········11··11····································1111·····················11······1································································································································
out 19 (19)······························································11··11········11··11·11··11········1111··········11···········1·······························································································································
out 20 (125)1··11·1·1·1·111··11·11··11·11··11·1·1·1·11111···1111···11··11·1111···1·1·1·111··11·1·1·1·1·······1·1·1·11111·········11······11··11··1·11·11111···11··11··11··111··1·1111··11·1111····11··1111··11···1111·11··11·11··11··1·11·11111····11··11···············
out 21 (61)·············1·1·1·111··11·1·1·1·11··1·111111···1·1·1·11·1·1·11·1·1·11·1·1·11·1·1·1·1·11·111··11··1·11·111··11···11··1·1·····1······························································································································
out 22 (61)·······11··1111··11···1111··1·11·1·11··11·······11··11·1··1·111··1·111111···1·1·1·1··1111·1·1·1·11111···1·1·1·1····11·11·····1······························································································································
out 23 (63)·······························································································································11··1·1·11·11111···11··11··11··111··1·1111··11·1111····11··1111··11···1111·11··11·11··11··1·11·11111····11··11···············
out 24 (7)····································································································································1111111·················································································································
out 25 (7)···········································································································································1111111··········································································································
out 26 (7)··················································································································································1111111···································································································
out 27 (7)·························································································································································1111111····························································································
out 28 (7)································································································································································1111111·····················································································
out 29 (7)·······································································································································································1111111··············································································
out 30 (7)··············································································································································································1111111·······································································
out 31 (7)·····················································································································································································1111111································································
out 32 (7)····························································································································································································1111111·························································
out 33 (7)···································································································································································································1111111··················································
out 34 (7)··········································································································································································································1111111···········································
out 35 (7)·················································································································································································································1111111····································
out 36 (7)························································································································································································································1111111·····························
out 37 (7)·······························································································································································································································1111111······················
out 38 (7)······································································································································································································································1111111···············
out 39 (63)·······························································································································1111·1·1·1·1·········1111·1··1·11·11··11··1111········1··1·11··1111·11··11···1111·11··11·1·1·1·1········11··1111111111111····
out 40 (21)·····················································································································································································1111··········11··11········1111··········11··11········1111·······1···
out 41 (23)····································································································································11··11········1111··········11··11········11··11····································1111·····················11······1··
out 42 (19)····························································································································································································11··11········11··11·11··11········1111··········11···········1·
out 43 (51)····································································································································1111·····1111········1·1·1·1··1111···1111········1·1·1·1··1111·1··1·11········11··11·1·11·1·1·11·11··1·11······11······1
out 44 (61)···········································································································································1·1·1·111··11·1·1·1·11··1·111111···1·1·1·11·1·1·11·1·1·11·1·1·11·1·1·1·1·11·111··11··1·11·111··11···11··1·1·····1
out 45 (61)·····································································································································11··1111··11···1111··1·11·1·11··11·······11··11·1··1·111··1·111111···1·1·1·1··1111·1·1·1·11111···1·1·1·1····11·11·····1
check 46 (126)1··11··1·11·11111···11··11··11··111··1·1111··11·1111····11··1111··11···1111·11··11·11··11··1·11·11111····11··11···············1··11··1·11·11111···11··11··11··111··1·1111··11·1111····11··1111··11···1111·11··11·11··11··1·11·11111····11··11···············
check 47 (64)·1111·1111····1·11·1··1111·11··11··11··111111···1·1·1·11111···1111···11··11·1111···1111····11··1111··11·1··1·11·············································································································································
check 48 (64)1·1·111··1·111··1·111·1·1·1·1·11·11·1·1·11·1·1·111··11·1·1·1·1·1·11·1·1·11·11··1·11·11··111111···1··1·1111··11··············································································································································
check 49 (64)········1111·1··1·111111···11··11···1111··1·11·11111····11··111·1·1·1·11··111111·····1111·1111···1·1·1·1·······1·1·11·1·1···11······························································································································
check 50 (64)·······1·11·11·1·1·1··1111·1··1·11·1·11·1·11··1111··11·1··1·111111··········11··11·1·1·1·11111····1·11·1··1111····1111·11·1··1······························································································································
check 51 (64)······1111···1111···1111···1·1·1·11··1·111111···········1·11·1·1·11·11·1·1·1·1·11·11·1·1·111··11·1··1·11·1·11·1··111··11·1·1·1······························································································································
check 52 (64)······1··1·11·1·11·11··1·11·11··11··1111···1111·1··1·111··1·11·11··11··1111··1·11·11111···1··1·11·······11··11·11··11111·1··································································································································
check 53 (64)·······························································································································1111·1111····1·11·1··1111·11··11··11··111111···1·1·1·11111···1111···11··11·1111···1111····11··1111··11·1··1·11···············
check 54 (64)······························································································································1·1·111··1·111··1·111·1·1·1·1·11·11·1·1·11·1·1·111··11·1·1·1·1·1·11·1·1·11·11··1·11·11··111111···1··1·1111··11················
check 55 (64)······································································································································1111·1··1·111111···11··11···1111··1·11·11111····11··111·1·1·1·11··111111·····1111·1111···1·1·1·1·······1·1·11·1·1···11
check 56 (64)·····································································································································1·11·11·1·1·1··1111·1··1·11·1·11·1·11··1111··11·1··1·111111··········11··11·1·1·1·11111····1·11·1··1111····1111·11·1··1
check 57 (64)····································································································································1111···1111···1111···1·1·1·11··1·111111···········1·11·1·1·11·11·1·1·1·1·11·11·1·1·111··11·1··1·11·1·11·1··111··11·1·1·1
check 58 (64)····································································································································1··1·11·1·11·11··1·11·11··11··1111···1111·1··1·111··1·11·11··11··1111··1·11·11111···1··1·11·······11··11·11··11111·1····

The gate is read off the output rows. An output row of odd weight gives a T, a pair of output rows with odd overlap gives a CS, and an odd triple overlap gives a CCZ. The circuit is a valid factory because every such parity that touches a check row is even.

Figures of merit

inputs n252Noisy T states per run.
outputs k46
distance d3Exact, proved and witnessed here.
error coefficient A_{3}5,208Faults of weight 3 in the circuit shown that pass every check and damage the output. The output error is A_{3}\,p^{3} to leading order.
wires N59
checks r13
V_{\mathrm{ex}}46T states per run. CCZ counts as two.
\gamma_\rho = \log(n/V_{\mathrm{ex}})/\log d1.5481Overhead per extractable T state. Lower is better.
\gamma = \log(n/k)/\log d1.5481Overhead per output qubit.
\gamma_T = \log(n/T)/\log dnot computedOverhead per unit of T-count.
T-countnot computedMinimal T-count of the output gate. Not computable at this width.
phase-polynomial degreenot computedMinimised over changes of output basis.
effective width46Rank of the output rows modulo the check rows.

Output gate

46 T0 CS0 CCZon 46 output wires

As gates: \mathrm{T}_{0}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{1}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{2}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{3}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{4}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{5}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{6}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{7}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{8}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{9}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{10}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{11}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{12}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{13}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{14}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{15}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{16}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{17}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{18}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{19}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{20}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{21}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{22}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{23}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{24}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{25}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{26}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{27}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{28}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{29}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{30}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{31}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{32}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{33}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{34}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{35}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{36}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{37}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{38}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{39}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{40}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{41}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{42}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{43}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{44}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{45}

As monomials: 0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+21+22+23+24+25+26+27+28+29+30+31+32+33+34+35+36+37+38+39+40+41+42+43+44+45 (output wires per term, separated by +)

This row stands for every gate that a CNOT circuit and S, Z and CZ gates on the outputs can reach from this one. They all prepare the same magic state. The wires are shown in the S_k-canonical frame.

Clifford correction

With every rotation a \mathrm{T}=\mathrm{diag}(1,e^{i\pi/4}), the rotations deposit the gate above times a diagonal Clifford. Undo it after the rotations and before the checks are measured, with 46 single-wire gates and 84 \mathrm{CZ} gates: \mathrm{Z} on output 0, \mathrm{S} on output 1, \mathrm{S} on output 2, \mathrm{S} on output 3, \mathrm{S} on output 4, \mathrm{S} on output 5, \mathrm{S} on output 6, \mathrm{S} on output 7, \mathrm{S} on output 8, \mathrm{S} on output 9, \mathrm{S} on output 10, \mathrm{S} on output 11, \mathrm{S} on output 12, \mathrm{S} on output 13, \mathrm{S} on output 14, \mathrm{S} on output 15, \mathrm{Z} on output 17, \mathrm{S} on output 18, \mathrm{S}^\dagger on output 19, \mathrm{Z} on output 20, \mathrm{Z} on output 21, \mathrm{Z} on output 22, \mathrm{S} on output 23, \mathrm{S} on output 24 and 106 more (listed below). The circuit's action is then exactly the gate above, and an error-free run passes every check with certainty.

All 130 correction gates

\mathrm{Z} on output 0, \mathrm{S} on output 1, \mathrm{S} on output 2, \mathrm{S} on output 3, \mathrm{S} on output 4, \mathrm{S} on output 5, \mathrm{S} on output 6, \mathrm{S} on output 7, \mathrm{S} on output 8, \mathrm{S} on output 9, \mathrm{S} on output 10, \mathrm{S} on output 11, \mathrm{S} on output 12, \mathrm{S} on output 13, \mathrm{S} on output 14, \mathrm{S} on output 15, \mathrm{Z} on output 17, \mathrm{S} on output 18, \mathrm{S}^\dagger on output 19, \mathrm{Z} on output 20, \mathrm{Z} on output 21, \mathrm{Z} on output 22, \mathrm{S} on output 23, \mathrm{S} on output 24, \mathrm{S} on output 25, \mathrm{S} on output 26, \mathrm{S} on output 27, \mathrm{S} on output 28, \mathrm{S} on output 29, \mathrm{S} on output 30, \mathrm{S} on output 31, \mathrm{S} on output 32, \mathrm{S} on output 33, \mathrm{S} on output 34, \mathrm{S} on output 35, \mathrm{S} on output 36, \mathrm{S} on output 37, \mathrm{S} on output 38, \mathrm{S} on output 39, \mathrm{Z} on output 40, \mathrm{S} on output 41, \mathrm{S}^\dagger on output 42, \mathrm{S}^\dagger on output 43, \mathrm{Z} on output 44, \mathrm{Z} on output 45, \mathrm{S} on check 46, \mathrm{CZ} on output 0, output 16, \mathrm{CZ} on output 0, output 20, \mathrm{CZ} on output 0, output 39, \mathrm{CZ} on output 0, output 41, \mathrm{CZ} on output 0, output 43, \mathrm{CZ} on output 0, output 45, \mathrm{CZ} on output 0, check 46, \mathrm{CZ} on output 16, output 19, \mathrm{CZ} on output 16, output 21, \mathrm{CZ} on output 16, output 39, \mathrm{CZ} on output 16, output 41, \mathrm{CZ} on output 16, output 43, \mathrm{CZ} on output 16, output 45, \mathrm{CZ} on output 16, check 47, \mathrm{CZ} on output 16, check 48, \mathrm{CZ} on output 16, check 50, \mathrm{CZ} on output 16, check 51, \mathrm{CZ} on output 17, output 19, \mathrm{CZ} on output 17, output 21, \mathrm{CZ} on output 17, check 49, \mathrm{CZ} on output 17, check 51, \mathrm{CZ} on output 17, check 52, \mathrm{CZ} on output 18, output 22, \mathrm{CZ} on output 18, check 46, \mathrm{CZ} on output 18, check 47, \mathrm{CZ} on output 18, check 48, \mathrm{CZ} on output 19, output 20, \mathrm{CZ} on output 19, output 22, \mathrm{CZ} on output 19, check 49, \mathrm{CZ} on output 19, check 50, \mathrm{CZ} on output 20, output 21, \mathrm{CZ} on output 20, output 22, \mathrm{CZ} on output 20, output 39, \mathrm{CZ} on output 20, output 41, \mathrm{CZ} on output 20, output 43, \mathrm{CZ} on output 20, output 45, \mathrm{CZ} on output 20, check 49, \mathrm{CZ} on output 20, check 50, \mathrm{CZ} on output 20, check 51, \mathrm{CZ} on output 21, output 22, \mathrm{CZ} on output 21, check 49, \mathrm{CZ} on output 21, check 50, \mathrm{CZ} on output 21, check 52, \mathrm{CZ} on output 22, check 46, \mathrm{CZ} on output 22, check 51, \mathrm{CZ} on output 23, output 39, \mathrm{CZ} on output 23, output 41, \mathrm{CZ} on output 23, output 43, \mathrm{CZ} on output 23, output 45, \mathrm{CZ} on output 39, output 41, \mathrm{CZ} on output 39, output 42, \mathrm{CZ} on output 39, output 43, \mathrm{CZ} on output 39, output 44, \mathrm{CZ} on output 39, output 45, \mathrm{CZ} on output 39, check 46, \mathrm{CZ} on output 39, check 53, \mathrm{CZ} on output 39, check 54, \mathrm{CZ} on output 39, check 56, \mathrm{CZ} on output 39, check 57, \mathrm{CZ} on output 40, output 42, \mathrm{CZ} on output 40, output 44, \mathrm{CZ} on output 40, check 55, \mathrm{CZ} on output 40, check 57, \mathrm{CZ} on output 40, check 58, \mathrm{CZ} on output 41, output 43, \mathrm{CZ} on output 41, output 45, \mathrm{CZ} on output 41, check 46, \mathrm{CZ} on output 41, check 53, \mathrm{CZ} on output 41, check 54, \mathrm{CZ} on output 42, output 43, \mathrm{CZ} on output 42, output 45, \mathrm{CZ} on output 42, check 55, \mathrm{CZ} on output 42, check 56, \mathrm{CZ} on output 43, output 44, \mathrm{CZ} on output 43, check 46, \mathrm{CZ} on output 43, check 55, \mathrm{CZ} on output 43, check 56, \mathrm{CZ} on output 43, check 57, \mathrm{CZ} on output 44, output 45, \mathrm{CZ} on output 44, check 55, \mathrm{CZ} on output 44, check 56, \mathrm{CZ} on output 44, check 58, \mathrm{CZ} on output 45, check 46, \mathrm{CZ} on output 45, check 57

These Clifford gates cannot be avoided. No choice of \mathrm{T}, \mathrm{T}^3, \mathrm{T}^5 or \mathrm{T}^\dagger for each rotation removes them; the catalogue proves this by showing that the linear system over \mathbb{Z}_4 the powers would have to solve has no solution.

Rotations are numbered by matrix column, from 0. The correction comes from the columns by the weight expansion of Bravyi and Haah (2012). verify_catalog.py re-derives it, checks the corrected circuit's phase input by input against the gate, and on small circuits simulates it gate by gate.

Convert the output with CNOT and S

A CNOT circuit on the outputs, followed by S, Z and CZ gates, turns this factory's gate into other gates that prepare the same magic state. Type a target gate to check whether it is reachable. If it is, you get the circuit, checked on every basis state.

Or list every gate it reaches. The list is built in your browser and saved as a text file, one gate per line.

Python code that writes the same list
import json, urllib.request

NAMES = {1: "T", 2: "CS", 3: "CCZ"}


def equivalent_gates(k, terms, limit=1_000_000):
    """Every gate a CNOT circuit and S, Z, CZ gates reach from this one.

    A gate is its set of terms mod Clifford: {a} is T, {a,b} is CS and
    {a,b,c} is CCZ on those outputs. CNOT c->t sends x_t to
    x_c + x_t - 2 x_c x_t, so a term on t but not c adds the term with t
    replaced by c, and, below CCZ, the term with c added.
    """
    start = frozenset(frozenset(m) for m in terms)
    seen, queue = {start}, [start]
    for gate in queue:
        for c in range(k):
            for t in range(k):
                if c == t:
                    continue
                new = set(gate)
                for m in gate:
                    if t in m and c not in m:
                        new ^= {(m - {t}) | {c}}
                        if len(m) < 3:
                            new ^= {m | {c}}
                new = frozenset(new)
                if new not in seen:
                    seen.add(new)
                    queue.append(new)
                    if len(seen) > limit:
                        raise RuntimeError(f"more than {limit} equivalent gates")
    return seen


def name(gate, k):
    sep = "," if k > 10 else ""
    terms = sorted((sorted(m) for m in gate), key=lambda m: (len(m), m))
    return "·".join(NAMES[len(m)] + sep.join(map(str, m)) for m in terms) or "I"


url = "https://shubhamj810.github.io/magic-state-factory-repo/data/factories/252.46.3.a.json"
record = json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url))
k = record["parameters"]["k"]
gates = equivalent_gates(k, record["gate"]["monomials"])
lines = sorted(name(g, k) for g in gates)
print(len(lines), "equivalent gates")
with open("equivalent-gates-252.46.3.a.txt", "w") as out:
    out.write("\n".join(lines) + "\n")

Distance

d=3, exact. No fault of weight below 3 is both undetectable and damaging. One of weight 3 is.

Exactly 5,208 faults of weight 3 are undetectable and damaging, so A_{3}=5{,}208. If each rotation fails independently with probability p, an accepted run has a damaged output with probability A_{3}\,p^{3}+O(p^{4}).

A damaging fault of weight 3 sits on columns [0,1,4].

A fault is a set of faulty columns. It is undetectable when their check parts cancel, and damaging when their output parts do not.

Original source

S. P. Jain, A. Wills, and S. Singh, "Symmetry and AI-assisted discovery of magic-state factories," arXiv:2610.06535 (2026). arxiv.org/abs/2610.06535

Provenance

found by an AI search that glues catalogued small factories along a graph of paired-column contractions; exact distance verified from columns; a verified witness, not a maximum

Found by: AI search: graph gluing

Discovery: AI search

1 recorded source
[
 {
  "regime": "AI search: graph gluing",
  "file": "master_catalog/imports/2026-09-18_graph_gluing_d3/factories.json",
  "label": "graph gluing [[252,46,3]]",
  "N": 59,
  "d": 3,
  "d_is_exact": true,
  "origin": null,
  "provenance": "AI search: graph gluing -- two [[127,23,3]] glued along K2 by 1 paired-column contraction(s) (independent ports); construction and witness in master_catalog/imports/2026-09-18_graph_gluing_d3/witnesses/graph_path_n252_k46_d3.json",
  "notes": "Exact A3=5208 independently counted; details in master_catalog/imports/2026-09-18_graph_gluing_d3/README.md. General gluing has prior art; publication novelty is not asserted."
 }
]

Use it in code

Load this factory and re-derive every number from its circuit with the catalogue's own verifier.

# git clone https://github.com/shubhamj810/magic-state-factory-repo
# cd magic-state-factory-repo/master_catalog
import json, urllib.request
import verify_catalog as VC

url = "https://shubhamj810.github.io/magic-state-factory-repo/data/factories/252.46.3.a.json"
record = json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url))
columns = record["circuit"]["columns"]
k, N = record["parameters"]["k"], record["parameters"]["N"]

facts, problems = VC.derive(columns, k, N)    # gate, T-count, degree, ...
distance = VC.measure_distance(columns, k, N)  # exhaustive fault search
print(facts["gate_human"], distance["d_exact"] or distance["d_at_least"],
      problems or "verified")

Raw record

Show the JSON this page is built from

Source: master_catalog.json, factories[897].