[\![511,\,85,\,3]\!] factory

As gates: \mathrm{T}_{0}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{1}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{2}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{3}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{4}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{5}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{6}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{7}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{8}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{9}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{10}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{11}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{12}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{13}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{14}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{15}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{16}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{17}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{18}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{19}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{20}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{21}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{22}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{23}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{24}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{25}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{26}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{27}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{28}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{29}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{30}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{31}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{32}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{33}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{34}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{35}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{36}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{37}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{38}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{39}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{40}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{41}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{42}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{43}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{44}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{45}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{46}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{47}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{48}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{49}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{50}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{51}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{52}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{53}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{54}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{55}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{56}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{57}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{58}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{59}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{60}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{61}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{62}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{63}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{64}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{65}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{66}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{67}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{68}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{69}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{70}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{71}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{72}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{73}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{74}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{75}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{76}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{77}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{78}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{79}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{80}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{81}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{82}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{83}\cdot \mathrm{T}_{84}

As monomials: 0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+21+22+23+24+25+26+27+28+29+30+31+32+33+34+35+36+37+38+39+40+41+42+43+44+45+46+47+48+49+50+51+52+53+54+55+56+57+58+59+60+61+62+63+64+65+66+67+68+69+70+71+72+73+74+75+76+77+78+79+80+81+82+83+84 (output wires per term, separated by +)

This row stands for every gate that a CNOT circuit and S, Z and CZ gates on the outputs can reach from this one. They all prepare the same magic state. The wires are shown in the S_k-canonical frame.

With every rotation a \mathrm{T}=\mathrm{diag}(1,e^{i\pi/4}), the rotations deposit the gate above times a diagonal Clifford. Undo it after the rotations and before the checks are measured, with 85 single-wire gates and 54 \mathrm{CZ} gates: \mathrm{S} on output 0, \mathrm{S} on output 1, \mathrm{S} on output 2, \mathrm{S} on output 3, \mathrm{S} on output 4, \mathrm{S} on output 5, \mathrm{S} on output 6, \mathrm{S} on output 7, \mathrm{S} on output 8, \mathrm{S} on output 9, \mathrm{S} on output 10, \mathrm{S} on output 11, \mathrm{S} on output 12, \mathrm{S} on output 13, \mathrm{S} on output 14, \mathrm{S} on output 15, \mathrm{S} on output 16, \mathrm{S} on output 17, \mathrm{S} on output 18, \mathrm{S} on output 19, \mathrm{S} on output 20, \mathrm{S} on output 21, \mathrm{S} on output 22, \mathrm{S} on output 23 and 115 more (listed below). The circuit's action is then exactly the gate above, and an error-free run passes every check with certainty.

These Clifford gates cannot be avoided. No choice of \mathrm{T}, \mathrm{T}^3, \mathrm{T}^5 or \mathrm{T}^\dagger for each rotation removes them; the catalogue proves this by showing that the linear system over \mathbb{Z}_4 the powers would have to solve has no solution.

Rotations are numbered by matrix column, from 0. The correction comes from the columns by the weight expansion of Bravyi and Haah (2012). verify_catalog.py re-derives it, checks the corrected circuit's phase input by input against the gate, and on small circuits simulates it gate by gate.

A CNOT circuit on the outputs, followed by S, Z and CZ gates, turns this factory's gate into other gates that prepare the same magic state. Type a target gate to check whether it is reachable. If it is, you get the circuit, checked on every basis state.

import json, urllib.request

NAMES = {1: "T", 2: "CS", 3: "CCZ"}


def equivalent_gates(k, terms, limit=1_000_000):
    """Every gate a CNOT circuit and S, Z, CZ gates reach from this one.

    A gate is its set of terms mod Clifford: {a} is T, {a,b} is CS and
    {a,b,c} is CCZ on those outputs. CNOT c->t sends x_t to
    x_c + x_t - 2 x_c x_t, so a term on t but not c adds the term with t
    replaced by c, and, below CCZ, the term with c added.
    """
    start = frozenset(frozenset(m) for m in terms)
    seen, queue = {start}, [start]
    for gate in queue:
        for c in range(k):
            for t in range(k):
                if c == t:
                    continue
                new = set(gate)
                for m in gate:
                    if t in m and c not in m:
                        new ^= {(m - {t}) | {c}}
                        if len(m) < 3:
                            new ^= {m | {c}}
                new = frozenset(new)
                if new not in seen:
                    seen.add(new)
                    queue.append(new)
                    if len(seen) > limit:
                        raise RuntimeError(f"more than {limit} equivalent gates")
    return seen


def name(gate, k):
    sep = "," if k > 10 else ""
    terms = sorted((sorted(m) for m in gate), key=lambda m: (len(m), m))
    return "·".join(NAMES[len(m)] + sep.join(map(str, m)) for m in terms) or "I"


url = "https://shubhamj810.github.io/magic-state-factory-repo/data/factories/511.85.3.a.json"
record = json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url))
k = record["parameters"]["k"]
gates = equivalent_gates(k, record["gate"]["monomials"])
lines = sorted(name(g, k) for g in gates)
print(len(lines), "equivalent gates")
with open("equivalent-gates-511.85.3.a.txt", "w") as out:
    out.write("\n".join(lines) + "\n")

d=3, exact. No fault of weight below 3 is both undetectable and damaging. One of weight 3 is.

Exactly 43,435 faults of weight 3 are undetectable and damaging, so A_{3}=43{,}435. If each rotation fails independently with probability p, an accepted run has a damaged output with probability A_{3}\,p^{3}+O(p^{4}).

A damaging fault of weight 3 sits on columns [0,1,2].

A fault is a set of faulty columns. It is undetectable when their check parts cancel, and damaging when their output parts do not.

S. P. Jain, A. Wills, and S. Singh, "Symmetry and AI-assisted discovery of magic-state factories," arXiv:2610.06535 (2026). arxiv.org/abs/2610.06535

widest pure-T frames held at n=511. DOMINATED on rate by the derived direct-sum baseline [[508,92,3]] = 4 x [[127,23,3]], rho = 508/92 = 5.5217. These are WIDTH points, explicitly NOT rate records: beating the baseline at n=511 needs k >= 93.

Found by: AI search: full-simplex pure-T frames

Discovery: AI search

[
 {
  "regime": "AI search: full-simplex pure-T frames",
  "file": "campaigns/2026-09-15_255_511_rate/found/n511_k85_d3_DOMINATED_not_a_record.json",
  "label": "1",
  "N": 94,
  "d": 3,
  "d_is_exact": true,
  "origin": null,
  "provenance": "magic-states-AI campaigns/2026-09-15_255_511_rate. gab64 Gabidulin scaffold at r=9 plus rows supplied by the T-R1 reduction (a partial LINE spread of the relaxed rank-6 frame), the full 21-line spread and no search at all (tools/linebuild.py). Supersedes nothing; the campaign's own [[255,43,3]] and [[511,81,3]] predecessors remain valid factories and remain dominated."
 }
]

Load this factory and re-derive every number from its circuit with the catalogue's own verifier.

# git clone https://github.com/shubhamj810/magic-state-factory-repo
# cd magic-state-factory-repo/master_catalog
import json, urllib.request
import verify_catalog as VC

url = "https://shubhamj810.github.io/magic-state-factory-repo/data/factories/511.85.3.a.json"
record = json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url))
columns = record["circuit"]["columns"]
k, N = record["parameters"]["k"], record["parameters"]["N"]

facts, problems = VC.derive(columns, k, N)    # gate, T-count, degree, ...
distance = VC.measure_distance(columns, k, N)  # exhaustive fault search
print(facts["gate_human"], distance["d_exact"] or distance["d_at_least"],
      problems or "verified")

Source: master_catalog.json, factories[1109].